Question
Was God’s covenant with the Jews different from God’s covenant with the church? If so, why?
Answer
The short answer is, “yes”. There are many differences between the old and new covenants – so many in fact that I will only be able to scratch the surface for now. If possible, I might do some more study when I have more time and post a more detailed and hopefully organized answer on the web site. But, for now, here’s a few things to note:
1. Progressive revelation – God, over time has revealed Himself to man in stages – that is gradually shown man who He is and what He would have man to do. However, the covenant we have in Christ is the culmination of that revelation. Hebrews 1:1-4.
2. Superior lawgiver – Although Moses was faithful in following God, Jesus is superior to Him because He is Creator. He is greater than the angels, Abraham, Moses or any other because is is the Son of God. Hebrews chapters 1-3.
3. Greater high priest and sacrifice – The old law was centered around a system of animal sacrifices conducted by a specially chosen priesthood from the sons of Aaron of the tribe of Levi. However, these sacrifices were only given to Israel and were designed to point to a need of a greater sacrifice. How could animal blood be sufficient for the forgiveness of human sin? Hebrews 10:1-4.
Jesus, being sinless, offered His own blood (for our forgiveness) for us and brought His sacrifice to Heaven itself as the only perfect offering to God. Because He has been raised from the dead, His perfect priesthood continues on unlike the priests of Israel. Also, unlike the Levitical priests, Jesus was not guilty of sins and did not need anyone to make an offering on His behalf before He could offer a sacrifice on behalf of others. However, the Levitical priests had to make an offering for their own sins before they could offer sacrifices for anyone else.Hebrews chapters 4-7.
4. Based upon appeal for mercy and not on national physical birth. To be a part of God people under the Law of Moses, you just had to be born and then circumcised (if a male) on the eighth day after birth. Then, there would be time to learn about what God expected of you in the Law of Moses. These instructions were for Israel only, not for all peoples.
Under the New Covenants, we come by faith in Jesus’ sacrifice, looking to Him to forgive us of our sins as we believe in Him, repent of our sins and are baptized in His name. We must make a conscience section to obey Him as He has directed. No matter what nation we are from, He will accept us if we respond by obedient faith. Hebrews chapter 8, Gal. 3:26-29, Acts 2:36-42.
This is a rough sketch, but it might give you an idea of the differences. Also, as I close, let me hastily add that there are many similarities to the two covenants. Many moral matters, such as murder, homosexuality and many others, continue to be sinful, no matter what covenant we live under.
By Gary Hunt
